From Asia to the Americas, here are some of the top religious and spiritual sites in the world…
What makes a place sacred?
Émile Durkheim, one of the founders of modern sociology, believed it was society. The collective conscience of a community comes together to touch certain mountains, trees, buildings and other ordinary objects and infuse them with a divine power, setting them apart for holy purposes.
Our world is filled with natural wonders, churches, synagogues, mosques, pilgrimage sites and other places where people have experienced the power of God and of community.
Here are 50 awe-inspiring sacred sites that you must experience in your lifetime.
*Visit sites marked with an asterisk with extra caution and reverence — our research indicates that there may be tension between indigenous people and national governments about who should have access to these sacred spots.
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Tom Bean via Getty Images
Sedona’s landscape is striking in and of itself, but practitioners of New Age spirituality
believe the region is also filled with “vortex” energy sites which people can tap into for inner healing.
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Also known as “Bear Lodge,” this natural rock tower has been a site of worship and healing for over 20 Native American tribes.
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The Washington Post via Getty Images
Although the Washington National Cathedral is part of the Episcopal Church, it has become a spiritual center that is open to Americans of many faiths — hosting Jewish, Muslim and Christian
prayers.
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The Salt Lake Temple is a the
largest temple associated with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. While access inside of the structure is restricted to Mormons, visitors can tour the gardens of
Temple Square to learn about the church’s history.
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Forgotten Alberta Archive/Flickr
Medicine wheels are stone circles or “
sacred hoops” constructed long ago by Native Americans in Canada and some parts of the United States. While their original purpose is hard to pin down,
some archaeologists believe the stones are aligned with the movements of the heavens and were used for healing. This 5,000-year-old medicine wheel in Majorville is
believed to be the largest remaining example of this kind of sacred space.
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The city of Chichén Itzá was the
center of the Mayan Empire from A.D. 750 to 1200. At the heart of this complex is the Temple of Kukulkan, a step pyramid that was constructed to
align with the spring and autumn equinoxes.
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Niciak via Getty Images
This basilica houses a relic important to many Catholics — the tilma (or cloak) that the Virgin Mary is said to have given the peasant Juan Diego in 1531. The cloak still bears an image of the Virgin. The basilica is now one of the most popular pilgrimage sites in the world.
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In Haiti, the Voudou spirit Erzulie is closely associated with the Virgin Mary. Every summer, thousands of Haitians travel to the Saut-d’Eau waterfalls, the supposed site of a Marian apparition, to
ask for favors and healing.
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Matthew Stallone via Getty Images
Around 250 A.D., the rising waters of this lake submerged a bustling Mayan city.
Archaeological evidence shows that the underwater buildings are still filled with religious paraphernalia, which means the site may have been an ancient pilgrimage destination.
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This Catholic cathedral is
located inside a salt mine, 500 feet below the ground. The space is richly decorated with sculptures cut from marble and salt.
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This
98-foot-high statue of Jesus towers over the city of Rio de Janeiro. The Art Deco sculpture is
made out of concrete and its surface is covered with small triangular soapstone tiles.
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Machu Picchu was built by the ancient Incans during the 15th century. It served as a royal estate for nobility and houses a number of religious structures, including a “Temple of the Sun” that aligns directly with the sun’s rays during the June solstice.
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Walter Bibikow via Getty Images
These 13-foot high statues, called moai, are
carved out of volcanic ash. Many archaeologists believe the moai were created by inhabitants of Easter Island between 1400 and 1600 AD to commemorate the spirits of ancestors, tribal chiefs or other powerful male figures.
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WIN-Initiative via Getty Images
This Spanish cathedral is the final stop on the Camino del Santiago (
the Way of St. James), a
network of pilgrimage routes that Christians have traveled for at least
eleven centuries. The cathedral was built to honor the tomb of St. James. Pilgrimages to the cathedral have increased in popularity in recent years, attracting visitors of all faiths.
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narvikk via Getty Images
Sagrada Familia (officially known as the Expiatory Temple of the Holy Family) is the life work of architect Antoni Gaudí. The first stone in the temple was laid in
1882, and the project isn’t expected to be completed until
2026.
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Stonehenge was built between 3000 and 1520 B.C. While the giant outer ring is constructed from sandstone taken from
local quarries, the inner ring of stones comes from about
150 miles away, in South Wales.
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John Elk III via Getty Images
According to
Catholic tradition, the Virgin Mary appeared 18 times to a young peasant girl in the grotto of Massabielle near Lourdes, France in 1858. Soon after, Catholics from around began making pilgrimages to Lourdes, hoping for
healing and miracles after bathing in the grotto’s waters.
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Mont-Saint-Michel is a Benedictine abbey that was built between the 11th and 16th centuries. The abbey is surrounded by a bay, which during
particularly high tides, cuts the abbey off from the mainland completely.
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This
chapel is built at the top of a volcanic core in the center of the French village of Le Puy-en-Velay. It is dedicated to the
Archangel Michael, whom some Catholics believe has a
tendency to appear to people on mountain tops.
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Hiroshi Higuchi via Getty Images
St. Peter’s Basilica is a major pilgrimage site for the Roman Catholic Church. It covers the shrine of St. Peter the Apostle.
Millions are expected to flock to the basilica in 2016 as part of Pope Francis’ Holy Year of Mercy, which invites Catholic priests and laypeople to rediscover their faith and practice mercy.
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Monks started finding spiritual refuge in these “
columns of the sky” in the 11th century. There are 24 monasteries in the region, some with beautiful 16th century frescoes.
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Kelly Cheng Travel Photography via Getty Images
The ancient Greeks
believed Delphi was the center of the world. One of the most important buildings in the complex is the Temple of Apollo, where people from all over Greece came to consult the
Oracle of Delphi about the future.
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Walter Bibikow via Getty Images
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This
synagogue in Prague was built in 1868, over the site of a 12-century Jewish worship site. It is called “Spanish” because of its Moorish design.
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Also called the “Church of the Holy Wisdom,” this
cathedral was built over an earlier pagan temple in the sixth century. It was repurposed as a mosque in the 1400s and is now a museum.
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This stunning mosque was built by the Ottoman sultan
Ahmed I in the early 17th century. Its exterior features six delicate minarets (or towers), while the interior is lined with blue İznik tiles, which give the mosque its name.
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Nutthavood via Getty Images
Saint Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow, Russia is a
kaleidoscope of colors and patterns. Ivan the Terrible commissioned the iconic church after
defeating the Tartars of Kazan on the Feast of Intercession in 1552. The cathedral, comprised of nine primary chapels, has become a symbol of Russian culture.
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David Tipling via Getty Images
The Stone Circles of Senegambia
encompass four sites of ancient monuments along the River Gambia in Gambia and Senegal. There are a total of 93 circles and 1,102 carved stones, which archaeological excavations have revealed to contain human burials and artifacts dating between the 1st and 2nd millennia to our era, according to UNESCO.
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Paul Souders via Getty Images
The majestic
Victoria Falls stretches along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. The Christian missionary and explorer
David Livingstone is often credited with “discovering” the falls, but the site has been a well-known sacred destination for the region’s tribes for centuries. Locals call it “Mosi-o-Tunya,” or “the smoke that thunders.”
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fivepointsix via Getty Images
South Africa’s Khoi and San people
believed this flat mountain top was home to their god.
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Victor O’/Flickr
These
forests contain the remains of ancient villages (or kayas) which were abandoned in the 1940s. The forests are now the focal point of the Mijikenda people’s religious beliefs. The kayas are still seen as the eternal homes of their ancestors.
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© Santiago Urquijo via Getty Images
Bete Giyorgis (Saint George) church is carved out of one single piece of stone. It is one of 11 solid rock churches in the town of Lalibela, which has become a pilgrimage site for Ethiopian Christians.
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Moulay Idriss is considered to be the
holiest city in Morocco. It is the site where the prophet Muhammad’s great-grandson, who brought Islam to Morocco 1,200 years ago, is buried.
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Mt. Sinai is considered to be the
site where God revealed the Ten Commandments to Moses. The sacred mountain is important for Jews, Christians and Muslims.
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Jerusalem is a city of ancient religious significance, considered holy in Christianity, Judaism and Islam alike. Located in the Judean Mountains between the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea, the city is believed to be the site of Solomon’s Temple and the
Second Temple, Jesus’s
Last Supper and Muhammad’s Night of Ascension.
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Yadid Levy / robertharding via Getty Images
Safed is perched at the highest point of Israel and is considered one of the country’s four holy cities. In the 1600s it became the center of Kabbalah, or Jewish mysticism, where mystics lived, studied and shared ideas.
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The Lotus Temple is a Bahāʾī house of worship, or a mashriq, that is shaped like a floating lotus flower. Bahāʾīs consider the lotus to be a symbol of “purity, beauty, and divinity.”
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The Golden Temple, located in Amritsar, India, is historically a central religious site for the Sikh faith. The temple
averages fifty thousand visitors daily and is open to anyone who comes seeking spiritual comfort and solace.
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Subir Basak via Getty Images
The Kumbh Mela is a mass pilgrimage in India that brings thousands of Hindus together to bathe in one of four sacred rivers. The pilgrimage derives its name from a mythical fight in Hindu tradition that took place between gods and demons over a pitcher of holy nectar. It is believed that four drops of the nectar spilled, landing in the four cities that take turns hosts the festival. In 2016 the Kumbh Mela will take place in
Haridwar and Ujjain.
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This 2,500-year-old sacred site is composed of hundreds of temples, stupas and statues. Devotees, monks, and tourists visit the complex to see a shrine many
believe holds strands of Buddha’s hair.
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The famous Bodhi Tree in Bodh Gaya, India is believed to be the site at which Siddhartha Gautama, later known as Buddha, attained enlightenment.
Bodhi is a Sanskrit word that
translates to “awakening.”
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This
massive archaeological site in Siem Reap is over 400 square miles and contains numerous temples, canals, and monuments. It was the
capital of the Khmer Empire from the 9th to 15th centuries.
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Doug McKinlay via Getty Images
Shikoku is a Japanese island and the
birthplace of Kobo-Daishi, a revered monk and teacher who helped popularize Buddhism in Japan in the 9th century. The 750-mile pilgrimage route connects 88 temples and shrines, and each portion is said to represent a step toward nirvana.
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Both Buddhists and Hindus consider Mt. Kailash to be a
spiritual home for the gods. According to tradition, a pilgrimage to Mt. Kailash can help erase bad karma accumulated over a lifetime.
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Photograph by Shuo Yang via Getty Images
Potala Palace has served as the
winter palace of the Dalai Lama since the 7th century, and it is where the current Dalai Lama was
installed in 1940. It is now a World Heritage Site, housing thousands of Buddhist artifacts.
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William Perry via Getty Images
The Temple and Cemetery of Confucius is
located in China’s Shandong Province beside what was once the philosopher’s sprawling family mansion. The cemetery contains Confucius’ tomb, as well as more than 100,000 graves of his descendants.
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Allan Montaine via Getty Images
The Temple of Heaven, located in Beijing, China, is said to
symbolize the relationship between earth and heaven. Founded in the early 15th century, the temple
originally served as a site for cultural rites performed by the ruling emperor.
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Bloomberg via Getty Images
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The indigenous Anangu people believe that this sandstone monolith was created by their ancestors during Dreamtime, a time beyond memory.
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kateausburn/Flickr
Located in the Australian state of New South Wales, Baiame Cave is site of significance named after the figure in Aboriginal culture believed to be the creator of the universe. The cave contains a large painting of Baiame, making it a rare example of indigenous rock art in the region.